Oophorectomy is a surgical procedure that involves the removal of one or both ovaries, which are the female reproductive organs responsible for producing eggs and hormones like estrogen and progesterone. This procedure may be performed for various reasons, including the treatment of ovarian cancer, benign ovarian tumors, severe endometriosis, or as a preventive measure in women with a high genetic risk of ovarian cancer, such as those with BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene mutations. In some cases, oophorectomy is part of a broader treatment plan for conditions like pelvic inflammatory disease or complex cysts that do not respond to other treatments. While oophorectomy can be life-saving and provide relief from certain conditions, it comes with several potential complications. For women undergoing a bilateral oophorectomy, which involves the removal of both ovaries, the procedure induces immediate menopause, leading to symptoms such as hot flashes, vaginal dryness, and mood changes. This can also increase the risk of osteoporosis and cardiovascular disease due to the sudden drop in hormone levels. For women undergoing a unilateral oophorectomy, where only one ovary is removed, hormone levels and fertility can be less affected, though there may still be risks related to surgical complications. Common complications include infection, bleeding, and damage to surrounding organs. Additionally, there may be long-term effects on hormonal balance and reproductive health. Post-operative care and follow-up are important to manage these risks and support overall recovery.
